"Palestinian Nakba" Arabic, Islamic attitudes of issue -1

Al-Nakba and the declaration of the establishment of Israel

MUSTAFA DAHDOUH/ GAZA

On 15 May, the Palestinians remember al-Nakba 1948, in which they lost their land and Israel State was established, despite the intervention of a number of Arab countries' armies, they could not change anything, since then, the Palestinians continue to suffer, whether in their remaining land or in the countries to which they have been displaced.

In this three-part dossiers, we will discuss Nakba, the emergence of Israel, the facilitation of the Turkish state, the arrival of Jews in Palestine territories, the Arab states' attitude on the Palestinians, and their exploitation of the Palestinian cause.

With a British scheme, Ottoman facilitation: the Israeli presence consolidated  

The Israeli presence inside the Palestinian territories was not merely a coincidence, but a long-planned plan in which Britain participated and Ottoman state facilitated, by allowing the Jews to purchase the land as it is barn, this plan began from the beginning of the 1800s until the declaration of the establishment of Israel in 1948 after the declaration of the end of the British Mandate of Palestine at the end of 1947.

During the 28 years of the British mandate, Britain enacted laws and took measures that facilitated the establishment of this homeland until 1948. The number of Jews in Palestine during the British Mandate was 56,000, or 9% of the total population of Palestine, most of them were subjects of foreign countries.

The Mandate ended with a total of 605,000 Jews as a result of the apparent and hidden immigration that Britain allowed, despite the opposition of the Palestinian people, their resistance and their revolutions, and the most important of them was the 1936 Revolution. Thus, the Jews constituted 30% of the population of Palestine, whom their number reached to about two million people during Nakba.

The United Nations recognizes the partition of Palestine into two states

The declaration of Israel was preceded by UN General Assembly’s approval on November 29, 1947, of the UN Security Council restoration to partition Palestine into a "Jewish state" and a Palestinian Arab state and the internationalization of Jerusalem area (i.e making it an international zone not belonging to a particular state and placed under international rule). The decision included borders between the two promised states, the stages of its implementation and recommendations for economic settlements between them, the Jews welcomed the partition plan, while the Palestinians felt unfair.

On 12 April 1948, Arab states assembly endorsed of the Arab armies march to Palestine, the Political Committee affirmed that the armies would not enter before the British withdrawal on 15 May 1948. British Government decided to end the British Mandate of Palestine in the middle of the night between 14 and 15 May 1948.

Declaration of Israel and US-Russian recognition

At 4 pm on May 14, 1948, the Jewish Council in Tel Aviv announced that Israel State would be declared at midnight, on the day of the withdrawal of the British Mandate, David Ben-Gurion declared the establishment of the Israeli state and the return of the Jewish people to what they called their historic land. "We declare that from the moment of the end of the Mandate this night on the evening of Saturday on the 6th of May 5708 in Hebrew until the establishment of official and elected authorities of the state in accordance with the Constitution approved by the elected Constituent Assembly not later than 1 of October) 1948, from this moment, the People's Council will exercise the powers of a provisional council of state and will be its executive body, which is called Israel.

US President Harry Truman published a letter recognizing Israel a few minutes later, while the Soviet Union recognized Israel three days later.

The Arabs lost the war against Israel

The declaration of Israel State directly resulted in the start of the war between Israel and neighboring Arabic states, on 26 May 1948, the so-called IDF was established and ordered by David Ben-Gurion, head of the interim Israeli government. The Arab armies poured out of Egypt, Syria, Iraq and East Jordan Emirate on Palestine and the Arab forces succeeded in achieving victories.

The fighting continued until UN Security Council intervened and imposed a cease-fire on June 10, 1948, which included a ban on supplying weapons to any of the parties to the conflict and trying to reach a peaceful settlement.

When the fighting was resumed, it took a different course and the Arab forces suffered a series of defeats. Israel was able to impose its control over vast areas of historic Palestine, the fighting ended on July 21 after the Security Council threatened to impose harsh sanctions on the warring sides.

What is Nakba?

Nakba is a Palestinian term that examines the human tragedy of the displacement of a large number of the Palestinian people outside their homes during 1948 Arab-Israeli war, the Arabic word refers to the catastrophe, the first to use the term Nakba for what happened to the Palestinians was secular nationalist historian and thinker Konstantin Zureik.

Palestinians commemorate al-Nakba on 15 May each year according to the Gregorian calendar, one day after the declaration of Israel's establishment on May 14, 1948. But the Jews do not rely on the Gregorian calendar but on the Hebrew calendar and therefore because of the difference between the Gregorian calendar and the festivals, the establishment of Israel and the commemoration of al-Nakba usually coincide every 19 years.

On this day, the Palestinians are organizing events and demonstrations in Israel, al-Deffa al-Garbiya "West Bank" and Gaza Strip and in Palestinian refugee camps in Arab countries and throughout the world.

The Nakba's repercussions

Nakba, which was the success of the World Zionist Organization, with the support of the British Mandate, was to control by force of arms the greater part of Palestine and declare the establishment of Israel State, accompanied by the expulsion and displacement of Palestinians from 20 cities and about 400 villages became its property and farms part of Israel.

During these events, accompanied by Arab military intervention against Jewish occupation of Palestine, at least 10,000 Palestinians were killed in a series of massacres, most of which are still unknown; triple of that number were injured.

60 % of the Palestinian population, about 700,000, has been displaced to the south of Palestinian territory in Gaza Strip and to the east or the west, as well as to Syria, Lebanon and Jordan, the Palestinians and the refugees suffer from tragic indescribable conditions.

While some of the Palestinians decided to stay inside Israel, despite being considered citizens of the new state, remained under Israeli military rule until 1966, today Palestinians constitute about 20% of the population of Israel.

Today, 70 years after Nakba, United States recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel and will transfer its embassy to Jerusalem on the day of the declaration of Israel State.

Israel is a natural result of the nation-state wars

The leader of the Kurdish people Abdullah Ocalan deals with the establishment of Israel State in the Kurdish Cause and the Dissolution of Democratic Nation from Democratic Civilization Manifesto, under the title "Arab national states and the structure of Israel.

Israel, in its essence, is a natural consequence of the wars of the nation-state which ripened in 1550, in the form of a modern state on the Amsterdam-London line, lasted nearly four centuries, turning Europe into bloodbaths. Jewish intellectual tendencies and Jewish capital have always played a leading role in the construction of the nation-state.

The prevailing conviction was that the Jews would not be able to secure their freedom or establish a Jewish Israeli state against the backdrop of the Zionist ideals of a growing Jewish nationalism with time; only by tearing apart the Catholic, Orthodox and Islamic empires

These conscious and organized ideological activities took place during the First World War, in the establishment of the nation-state of the tiny Turkish Republic on the ruins of Ottoman Empire,

Along with the construction of a small number of smaller Arab national states, the Jewish national state was officially declared Israel (1948), which was the target of Zionist ideology.

Since the Turkish Republic, Egypt, Jordan and some Gulf States were the first to recognize Israel, they were recognized as legitimate nation-states and incorporated into the existing system accordingly, the wars and clashes with the Arabs within the framework of the Palestinian cause, and with other Islamic countries within the context of the Gulf problem; they have a relationship like the dominant presence of Israel within the area. These clashes, plots, assassinations and wars will continue to rage until recognition of Israel's hegemony and sovereignty.

Tomorrow: Ottomans were the first to sell Palestine

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ANHA